Date: May, 2009
Abstract: Since its ‘official’ inception in 2003, the EU biofuel industry has been dependent on inconsistent government policies (27 different local implementation schemes, often with a lack of enforcement); ranging from indicative and mandatory biofuel blending targets to excise duty exemptions, quota allocations and penalties. With the adoption of the EU’s Climate Action and Renewable Energy Package in December 2008 (hereafter referred to as ‘the Directive’) that includes p...
Research Type: Industry Note